@article {2012ApJ...746..151A, title = {{The 2010 Very High Energy {$\gamma$}-Ray Flare and 10 Years of Multi-wavelength Observations of M 87}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {746}, year = {2012}, month = {feb}, pages = {151}, abstract = {The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3 - 6) {\times} 10$^{9}$ M $_{\&sun;}$) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E {\gt} 100 GeV) {$\gamma$}-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE {$\gamma$}-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE {$\gamma$}-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE {$\gamma$}-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of {$\tau$}$^{rise}$ $_{d}$ = (1.69 {\plusmn} 0.30) days and {$\tau$}$^{decay}$ $_{d}$ = (0.611 {\plusmn} 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (\~{}day), peak fluxes ({$\Phi$}$_{>0.35 TeV}$ \~{}= (1-3) {\times} 10$^{-11}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken \~{}3 days after the peak of the VHE {$\gamma$}-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor \~{}2; variability timescale {\l}t}2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE {$\gamma$}-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE {$\gamma$}-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.}, keywords = {galaxies: active, galaxies: individual: M 87, galaxies: jets, galaxies: nuclei, gamma rays: galaxies, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/151}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...746..151A}, author = {Abramowski, A. and Acero, F. and Aharonian, F. and Akhperjanian, A.~G. and Anton, G. and Balzer, A. and Barnacka, A. and Barres de Almeida, U. and Becherini, Y. and Becker, J. and Behera, B. and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, J. and Bochow, A. and Boisson, C. and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, P. and Brucker, J. and Brun, F. and Brun, P. and Bulik, T. and B{\"u}sching, I. and Carrigan, S. and Casanova, S. and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, P.~M. and Charbonnier, A. and Chaves, R.~C.~G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Clapson, A.~C. and Coignet, G. and Cologna, G. and Conrad, J. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M.~K. and Davids, I.~D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and Dickinson, H.~J. and Djannati-Ata{\"\i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L.~O. and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, K. and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M.~V. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and F{\"o}rster, A. and F{\"u}{\ss}ling, M. and Gallant, Y.~A. and Gast, H. and G{\'e}rard, L. and Gerbig, D. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J.~F. and Gl{\"u}ck, B. and Goret, P. and G{\"o}ring, D. and H{\"a}ffner, S. and Hague, J.~D. and Hampf, D. and Hauser, M. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hinton, J.~A. and Hoffmann, A. and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, M. and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and de Jager, O.~C. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M.~A. and Katarzy{\'n}ski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Keogh, D. and Khangulyan, D. and Kh{\'e}lifi, B. and Klochkov, D. and Klu{\'z}niak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Komin, N. and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C.-C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, A. and Masbou, J. and Maurin, D. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T.~J.~L. and Medina, M.~C. and M{\'e}hault, J. and Moderski, R. and Moulin, E. and Naumann, C.~L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nekrassov, D. and Nguyen, N. and Nicholas, B. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S.~J. and Ohm, S. and de O{\~n}a Wilhelmi, E. and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Paz Arribas, M. and Pedaletti, G. and Pelletier, G. and Petrucci, P.-O. and Pita, S. and P{\"u}hlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raue, M. and Rayner, S.~M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C.~B. and Ruppel, J. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, D.~A. and Santangelo, A. and Schlickeiser, R. and Sch{\"o}ck, F.~M. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J.~L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, {\L}. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, C. and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, I. and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J.-P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Vialle, J.~P. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and V{\"o}lk, H.~J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S.~J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A.~A. and Zech, A. and Zechlin, H.-S. and H.E.S.S.~Collaboration and Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Borla Tridon, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Ca{\~n}ellas, A. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Cossio, L. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Fruck, C. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Garrido, D. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and Hadasch, D. and H{\"a}fner, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Huber, B. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Lelas, D. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Munar, P. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Pardo, S. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Pilia, M. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prandini, E. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Takami, H. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Thom, M. and Tibolla, O. and Torres, D.~F. and Treves, A. and Vankov, H. and Vogler, P. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and MAGIC Collaboration and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and Bouvier, A. and Bradbury, S.~M. and Buckley, J.~H. and Bugaev, V. and Byrum, K. and Cannon, A. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Connolly, M.~P. and Cui, W. and Dickherber, R. and Duke, C. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Finley, J.~P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Godambe, S. and Griffin, S. and Grube, J. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Huan, H. and Hui, C.~M. and Kaaret, P. and Karlsson, N. and Kertzman, M. and Khassen, Y. and Kieda, D. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M.~J. and LeBohec, S. and Maier, G. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Nu{\~n}ez, P.~D. and Ong, R.~A. and Orr, M. and Otte, A.~N. and Park, N. and Perkins, J.~S. and Pichel, A. and Pohl, M. and Prokoph, H. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L.~C. and Reynolds, P.~T. and Roache, E. and Rose, H.~J. and Ruppel, J. and Schroedter, M. and Sembroski, G.~H. and \c Sent{\"u}rk, G.~D. and Telezhinsky, I. and Te\v si{\'c}, G. and Theiling, M. and Thibadeau, S. and Varlotta, A. and Vassiliev, V.~V. and Vivier, M. and Wakely, S.~P. and Weekes, T.~C. and Williams, D.~A. and Zitzer, B. and VERITAS Collaboration and Barres de Almeida, U. and Cara, M. and Casadio, C. and Cheung, C.~C. and McConville, W. and Davies, F. and Doi, A. and Giovannini, G. and Giroletti, M. and Hada, K. and Hardee, P. and Harris, D.~E. and Junor, W. and Kino, M. and Lee, N.~P. and Ly, C. and Madrid, J. and Massaro, F. and Mundell, C.~G. and Nagai, H. and Perlman, E.~S. and Steele, I.~A. and Walker, R.~C. and Wood, D.~L.} } @article {2012A\&A...539A.118A, title = {{Discovery of VHE {$\gamma$}-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object B3 2247+381 with the MAGIC telescopes}}, journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, volume = {539}, year = {2012}, month = {mar}, pages = {A118}, abstract = {
Aims: We study the non-thermal jet emission of the BL Lac object B3 2247+381 during a high optical state.
Methods: The MAGIC telescopes observed the source during 13 nights between September 30th and October 30th 2010, collecting a total of 14.2 h of good quality very high energy (VHE) {$\gamma$}-ray data. Simultaneous multiwavelength data was obtained with X-ray observations by the Swift satellite and optical R-band observations at the KVA-telescope. We also use high energy {$\gamma$}-ray (HE, 0.1-100 GeV) data from the Fermi satellite.
Results: The BL Lac object B3 2247+381 (z = 0.119) was detected, for the first time, at VHE {$\gamma$}-rays at a statistical significance of 5.6{$\sigma$}. A soft VHE spectrum with a photon index of -3.2 {\plusmn} 0.6 was determined. No significant short term flux variations were found. We model the spectral energy distribution using a one-zone SSC-model, which can successfully describe our data.}, keywords = {BL Lacertae objects: individual: B3 2247+381, galaxies: active}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201117967}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A\%26A...539A.118A}, author = {Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Alvarez, E.~A. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Asensio, M. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Borla Tridon, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Ca{\~n}ellas, A. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Cossio, L. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Caneva, G. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Fruck, C. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Garrido, D. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and Hadasch, D. and H{\"a}fner, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Huber, B. and Jogler, T. and Kellermann, H. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Lelas, D. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and L{\'o}pez, M. and L{\'o}pez-Oramas, A. and Lorenz, E. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Munar-Adrover, P. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Pardo, S. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Pilia, M. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prandini, E. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Snidaric, I. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamatescu, V. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Takami, H. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Tibolla, O. and Torres, D.~F. and Treves, A. and Uellenbeck, M. and Vankov, H. and Vogler, P. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and Kadenius, V. and Weidinger, M. and Buson, S.} } @article {2011ApJ...736..131A, title = {{Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of Markarian 421: The Missing Piece of its Spectral Energy Distribution}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {736}, year = {2011}, month = {aug}, pages = {131}, abstract = {We report on the {$\gamma$}-ray activity of the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae object Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) during the first 1.5 years of Fermi operation, from 2008 August 5 to 2010 March 12. We find that the Large Area Telescope (LAT) {$\gamma$}-ray spectrum above 0.3 GeV can be well described by a power-law function with photon index {$\Gamma$} = 1.78 {\plusmn} 0.02 and average photon flux F({\gt} 0.3 GeV) = (7.23 {\plusmn} 0.16) {\times} 10$^{-8}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. Over this time period, the Fermi-LAT spectrum above 0.3 GeV was evaluated on seven-day-long time intervals, showing significant variations in the photon flux (up to a factor \~{}3 from the minimum to the maximum flux) but mild spectral variations. The variability amplitude at X-ray frequencies measured by RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT is substantially larger than that in {$\gamma$}-rays measured by Fermi-LAT, and these two energy ranges are not significantly correlated. We also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign on Mrk 421, which included the VLBA, Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments that provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign (2009 January 19 to 2009 June 1). During this campaign, Mrk 421 showed a low activity at all wavebands. The extensive multi-instrument (radio to TeV) data set provides an unprecedented, complete look at the quiescent spectral energy distribution (SED) for this source. The broadband SED was reproduced with a leptonic (one-zone synchrotron self-Compton) and a hadronic model (synchrotron proton blazar). Both frameworks are able to describe the average SED reasonably well, implying comparable jet powers but very different characteristics for the blazar emission site.}, keywords = {acceleration of particles, BL Lacertae objects: general, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421, galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/131}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...736..131A}, author = {Abdo, A.~A. and Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Baldini, L. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Bechtol, K. and Bellazzini, R. and Berenji, B. and Blandford, R.~D. and Bloom, E.~D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A.~W. and Bouvier, A. and Bregeon, J. and Brez, A. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G.~A. and Cameron, R.~A. and Cannon, A. and Caraveo, P.~A. and Carrigan, S. and Casandjian, J.~M. and Cavazzuti, E. and Cecchi, C. and {\c C}elik, {\"O}. and Charles, E. and Chekhtman, A. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Conrad, J. and Cutini, S. and De Angelis, A. and de Palma, F. and Dermer, C.~D. and Silva, E.~d.~C.~e. and Drell, P.~S. and Dubois, R. and Dumora, D. and Escande, L. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S.~J. and Finke, J. and Focke, W.~B. and Fortin, P. and Frailis, M. and Fuhrmann, L. and Fukazawa, Y. and Fukuyama, T. and Funk, S. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Gehrels, N. and Georganopoulos, M. and Germani, S. and Giebels, B. and Giglietto, N. and Giommi, P. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I.~A. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and Hayashida, M. and Hays, E. and Horan, D. and Hughes, R.~E. and J{\'o}hannesson, G. and Johnson, A.~S. and Johnson, W.~N. and Kadler, M. and Kamae, T. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Kn{\"o}dlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Latronico, L. and Lee, S.-H. and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette, M.~N. and Lubrano, P. and Madejski, G.~M. and Makeev, A. and Max-Moerbeck, W. and Mazziotta, M.~N. and McEnery, J.~E. and M{\'e}hault, J. and Michelson, P.~F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M.~E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I.~V. and Murgia, S. and Nakamori, T. and Naumann-Godo, M. and Nishino, S. and Nolan, P.~L. and Norris, J.~P. and Nuss, E. and Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Omodei, N. and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J.~F. and Ozaki, M. and Paneque, D. and Panetta, J.~H. and Parent, D. and Pavlidou, V. and Pearson, T.~J. and Pelassa, V. and Pepe, M. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Pierbattista, M. and Piron, F. and Porter, T.~A. and Rain{\`o}, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Readhead, A. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Reyes, L.~C. and Richards, J.~L. and Ritz, S. and Roth, M. and Sadrozinski, H.~F.-W. and Sanchez, D. and Sander, A. and Sgr{\`o}, C. and Siskind, E.~J. and Smith, P.~D. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Stawarz, {\L}. and Stevenson, M. and Strickman, M.~S. and Suson, D.~J. and Takahashi, H. and Takahashi, T. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J.~G. and Thayer, J.~B. and Thompson, D.~J. and Tibaldo, L. and Torres, D.~F. and Tosti, G. and Tramacere, A. and Troja, E. and Usher, T.~L. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vianello, G. and Vilchez, N. and Vitale, V. and Waite, A.~P. and Wang, P. and Wehrle, A.~E. and Winer, B.~L. and Wood, K.~S. and Yang, Z. and Yatsu, Y. and Ylinen, T. and Zensus, J.~A. and Ziegler, M. and Fermi LAT Collaboration and Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, P. and Borla Tridon, D. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bose, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Camara, M. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and Delgado Mendez, C. and De Lotto, B. and De Maria, M. and De Sabata, F. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Gaug, M. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi, N. and Hadasch, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Kranich, D. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, E. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and Pegna, R.~G. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, J. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prandini, E. and Puchades, N. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, T. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and Rissi, M. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Conde, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Struebig, J.~C. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L.~O. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Vankov, H. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and MAGIC Collaboration and Villata, M. and Raiteri, C. and Aller, H.~D. and Aller, M.~F. and Chen, W.~P. and Jordan, B. and Koptelova, E. and Kurtanidze, O.~M. and L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki, A. and McBreen, B. and Larionov, V.~M. and Lin, C.~S. and Nikolashvili, M.~G. and Reinthal, R. and Angelakis, E. and Capalbi, M. and Carrami{\~n}ana, A. and Carrasco, L. and Cassaro, P. and Cesarini, A. and Falcone, A. and Gurwell, M.~A. and Hovatta, T. and Kovalev, Y.~A. and Kovalev, Y.~Y. and Krichbaum, T.~P. and Krimm, H.~A. and Lister, M.~L. and Moody, J.~W. and Maccaferri, G. and Mori, Y. and Nestoras, I. and Orlati, A. and Pace, C. and Pagani, C. and Pearson, R. and Perri, M. and Piner, B.~G. and Ros, E. and Sadun, A.~C. and Sakamoto, T. and Tammi, J. and Zook, A.} } @article {2011ApJ...727..129A, title = {{Insights into the High-energy {$\gamma$}-ray Emission of Markarian 501 from Extensive Multifrequency Observations in the Fermi Era}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {727}, year = {2011}, month = {feb}, pages = {129}, abstract = {We report on the {$\gamma$}-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) {$\gamma$}-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 {\plusmn} 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 {\plusmn} 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 {\plusmn} 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15{\mdash}August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size lsim0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (sime10$^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$) constitutes only a small fraction (\~{}10$^{-3}$) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks. We find that the ultrarelativistic electrons and mildly relativistic protons within the blazar zone, if comparable in number, are in approximate energy equipartition, with their energy dominating the jet magnetic field energy by about two orders of magnitude.}, keywords = {acceleration of particles, BL Lacertae objects: general, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501, galaxies: active, gamma rays: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/129}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...727..129A}, author = {Abdo, A.~A. and Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Allafort, A. and Baldini, L. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Baring, M.~G. and Bastieri, D. and Bechtol, K. and Bellazzini, R. and Berenji, B. and Blandford, R.~D. and Bloom, E.~D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A.~W. and Bouvier, A. and Brandt, T.~J. and Bregeon, J. and Brez, A. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G.~A. and Cameron, R.~A. and Cannon, A. and Caraveo, P.~A. and Carrigan, S. and Casandjian, J.~M. and Cavazzuti, E. and Cecchi, C. and {\c C}elik, {\"O}. and Charles, E. and Chekhtman, A. and Cheung, C.~C. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Conrad, J. and Cutini, S. and Dermer, C.~D. and de Palma, F. and Silva, E.~d.~C.~e. and Drell, P.~S. and Dubois, R. and Dumora, D. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S.~J. and Ferrara, E.~C. and Focke, W.~B. and Fortin, P. and Frailis, M. and Fuhrmann, L. and Fukazawa, Y. and Funk, S. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Gehrels, N. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I.~A. and Guillemot, L. and Guiriec, S. and Hayashida, M. and Hays, E. and Horan, D. and Hughes, R.~E. and J{\'o}hannesson, G. and Johnson, A.~S. and Johnson, W.~N. and Kadler, M. and Kamae, T. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Kn{\"o}dlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Latronico, L. and Lee, S.-H. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette, M.~N. and Lubrano, P. and Madejski, G.~M. and Makeev, A. and Max-Moerbeck, W. and Mazziotta, M.~N. and McEnery, J.~E. and M{\'e}hault, J. and Michelson, P.~F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Moiseev, A.~A. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M.~E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I.~V. and Murgia, S. and Naumann-Godo, M. and Nishino, S. and Nolan, P.~L. and Norris, J.~P. and Nuss, E. and Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Omodei, N. and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J.~F. and Paneque, D. and Panetta, J.~H. and Parent, D. and Pavlidou, V. and Pearson, T.~J. and Pelassa, V. and Pepe, M. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Piron, F. and Porter, T.~A. and Rain{\`o}, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Readhead, A. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Richards, J.~L. and Ripken, J. and Ritz, S. and Roth, M. and Sadrozinski, H.~F.-W. and Sanchez, D. and Sander, A. and Scargle, J.~D. and Sgr{\`o}, C. and Siskind, E.~J. and Smith, P.~D. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Stawarz, {\L}. and Stevenson, M. and Strickman, M.~S. and Sokolovsky, K.~V. and Suson, D.~J. and Takahashi, H. and Takahashi, T. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J.~B. and Thayer, J.~G. and Thompson, D.~J. and Tibaldo, L. and Torres, D.~F. and Tosti, G. and Tramacere, A. and Uchiyama, Y. and Usher, T.~L. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vilchez, N. and Vitale, V. and Waite, A.~P. and Wang, P. and Wehrle, A.~E. and Winer, B.~L. and Wood, K.~S. and Yang, Z. and Ylinen, T. and Zensus, J.~A. and Ziegler, M. and Fermi LAT Collaboration and Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, P. and Borla Tridon, D. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bose, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Camara, M. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and De Maria, M. and De Sabata, F. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Gaug, M. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi, N. and Hadasch, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Kranich, D. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, E. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and Pegna, R.~G. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, J. and Pochon, J. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prada, F. and Prandini, E. and Puchades, N. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, T. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and Rissi, M. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Conde, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Struebig, J.~C. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L.~O. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Vankov, H. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and MAGIC Collaboration and Acciari, V.~A. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Benbow, W. and Boltuch, D. and Bradbury, S.~M. and Buckley, J.~H. and Bugaev, V. and Cannon, A. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Cui, W. and Dickherber, R. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Finley, J.~P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Gillanders, G.~H. and Godambe, S. and Grube, J. and Guenette, R. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Huang, D. and Hui, C.~M. and Humensky, T.~B. and Kaaret, P. and Karlsson, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, D. and Konopelko, A. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M.~J. and Maier, G. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and McCutcheon, M. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Ong, R. and Otte, A.~N. and Pandel, D. and Perkins, J.~S. and Pichel, A. and Pohl, M. and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L.~C. and Reynolds, P.~T. and Roache, E. and Rose, H.~J. and Rovero, A.~C. and Schroedter, M. and Sembroski, G.~H. and Senturk, G.~D. and Steele, D. and Swordy, S.~P. and Te\v si{\'c}, G. and Theiling, M. and Thibadeau, S. and Varlotta, A. and Vincent, S. and Wakely, S.~P. and Ward, J.~E. and Weekes, T.~C. and Weinstein, A. and Weisgarber, T. and Williams, D.~A. and Wood, M. and Zitzer, B. and VERITAS Collaboration and Villata, M. and Raiteri, C.~M. and Aller, H.~D. and Aller, M.~F. and Arkharov, A.~A. and Blinov, D.~A. and Calcidese, P. and Chen, W.~P. and Efimova, N.~V. and Kimeridze, G. and Konstantinova, T.~S. and Kopatskaya, E.~N. and Koptelova, E. and Kurtanidze, O.~M. and Kurtanidze, S.~O. and L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki, A. and Larionov, V.~M. and Larionova, E.~G. and Larionova, L.~V. and Ligustri, R. and Morozova, D.~A. and Nikolashvili, M.~G. and Sigua, L.~A. and Troitsky, I.~S. and Angelakis, E. and Capalbi, M. and Carrami{\~n}ana, A. and Carrasco, L. and Cassaro, P. and de la Fuente, E. and Gurwell, M.~A. and Kovalev, Y.~Y. and Kovalev, Y.~A. and Krichbaum, T.~P. and Krimm, H.~A. and Leto, P. and Lister, M.~L. and Maccaferri, G. and Moody, J.~W. and Mori, Y. and Nestoras, I. and Orlati, A. and Pagani, C. and Pace, C. and Pearson III, R. and Perri, M. and Piner, B.~G. and Pushkarev, A.~B. and Ros, E. and Sadun, A.~C. and Sakamoto, T. and Tornikoski, M. and Yatsu, Y. and Zook, A.} } @article {2011ApJ...730L...8A, title = {{MAGIC Discovery of Very High Energy Emission from the FSRQ PKS 1222+21}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters}, volume = {730}, year = {2011}, month = {mar}, pages = {L8}, abstract = {{Very high energy (VHE) {$\gamma$}-ray emission from the flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1222+21 (4C 21.35}, keywords = {cosmic background radiation, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, quasars: individual: PKS 1222+21}, doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L8}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...730L...8A}, author = {Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Borla Tridon, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Ca{\~n}ellas, A. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Cossio, L. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Fruck, C. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Garrido, D. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and Hadasch, D. and H{\"a}fner, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Huber, B. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Lelas, D. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Pardo, S. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Pilia, M. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prandini, E. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Thom, M. and Tibolla, O. and Torres, D.~F. and Treves, A. and Vankov, H. and Vogler, P. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and MAGIC Collaboration and Tanaka, Y.~T. and Wood, D.~L. and Buson, S.} } @article {2011ApJ...726...58A, title = {{Observations of the Blazar 3C 66A with the Magic Telescopes in Stereoscopic Mode}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {726}, year = {2011}, month = {jan}, pages = {58}, abstract = {We report new observations of the intermediate-frequency peaked BL Lacertae object 3C 66A with the MAGIC telescopes. The data sample we use were taken in 2009 December and 2010 January, and comprises 2.3 hr of good quality data in stereoscopic mode. In this period, we find a significant signal from the direction of the blazar 3C 66A. The new MAGIC stereoscopic system is shown to play an essential role for the separation between 3C 66A and the nearby radio galaxy 3C 66B, which is at a distance of only 6{\textquoteright}. The derived integral flux above 100 GeV is 8.3\% of the Crab Nebula flux and the energy spectrum is reproduced by a power law of photon index 3.64 {\plusmn} 0.39$_{stat}$ {\plusmn} 0.25$_{sys}$. Within errors, this is compatible with the one derived by VERITAS in 2009. From the spectra corrected for absorption by the extragalactic background light, we only find small differences between the four models that we applied, and constrain the redshift of the blazar to z {\l}t} 0.68.}, keywords = {BL Lacertae objects: individual: 3C 66A, galaxies: active, gamma rays: galaxies}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/726/2/58}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...726...58A}, author = {Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, P. and Borla Tridon, D. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bose, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Camara, M. and Ca{\~n}ellas, A. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Cossio, L. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and De Maria, M. and De Sabata, F. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Errando, M. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and Hadasch, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Kranich, D. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and Pegna, R.~G. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prandini, E. and Puchades, N. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Conde, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Struebig, J.~C. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Thom, M. and Torres, D.~F. and Vankov, H. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R.} } @article {2011ApJ...729....2A, title = {{Spectral Energy Distribution of Markarian 501: Quiescent State Versus Extreme Outburst}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {729}, year = {2011}, month = {mar}, pages = {2}, abstract = {The very high energy (VHE; E {\gt} 100 GeV) blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) has a well-studied history of extreme spectral variability and is an excellent laboratory for studying the physical processes within the jets of active galactic nuclei. However, there are few detailed multiwavelength studies of Mrk 501 during its quiescent state, due to its low luminosity. A short-term multiwavelength study of Mrk 501 was coordinated in 2009 March, focusing around a multi-day observation with the Suzaku X-ray satellite and including {$\gamma$}-ray data from VERITAS, MAGIC, and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with the goal of providing a well-sampled multiwavelength baseline measurement of Mrk 501 in the quiescent state. The results of these quiescent-state observations are compared to the historically extreme outburst of 1997 April 16, with the goal of examining variability of the spectral energy distribution (SED) between the two states. The derived broadband SED shows the characteristic double-peaked profile. We find that the X-ray peak shifts by over two orders of magnitude in photon energy between the two flux states while the VHE peak varies little. The limited shift in the VHE peak can be explained by the transition to the Klein-Nishina (KN) regime. Synchrotron self-Compton models are matched to the data and the implied KN effects are explored.}, keywords = {BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501 = VER J1653+397, galaxies: active, gamma rays: galaxies, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, X-rays: galaxies}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/2}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...729....2A}, author = {Acciari, V.~A. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and B{\"o}ttcher, M. and Boltuch, D. and Bradbury, S.~M. and Buckley, J.~H. and Bugaev, V. and Cannon, A. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Cui, W. and Dickherber, R. and Duke, C. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Finley, J.~P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Godambe, S. and Grube, J. and Guenette, R. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Huang, D. and Hui, C.~M. and Humensky, T.~B. and Imran, A. and Kaaret, P. and Karlsson, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, D. and Konopelko, A. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Madhavan, A.~S. and Maier, G. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. and Ong, R.~A. and Otte, A.~N. and Pandel, D. and Perkins, J.~S. and Pichel, A. and Pohl, M. and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L.~C. and Reynolds, P.~T. and Roache, E. and Rose, H.~J. and Schroedter, M. and Sembroski, G.~H. and Steele, D. and Swordy, S.~P. and Theiling, M. and Thibadeau, S. and Varlotta, A. and Vassiliev, V.~V. and Vincent, S. and Wakely, S.~P. and Ward, J.~E. and Weekes, T.~C. and Weinstein, A. and Weisgarber, T. and Williams, D.~A. and Wood, M. and Zitzer, B. and VERITAS Collaboration and Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, P. and Borla Tridon, D. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bose, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Camara, M. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and De Maria, M. and De Sabata, F. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Errando, M. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Gaug, M. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and Hadasch, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Kranich, D. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and Pegna, R.~G. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prandini, E. and Puchades, N. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and Rissi, M. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Conde, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Struebig, J.~C. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Torres, D.~F. and Vankov, H. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and MAGIC Collaboration and Paneque, D. and Hayashida, M.} } @article {2010ApJ...723L.207A, title = {{Detection of Very High Energy {$\gamma$}-ray Emission from the Perseus Cluster Head-Tail Galaxy IC 310 by the MAGIC Telescopes}}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters}, volume = {723}, year = {2010}, month = {nov}, pages = {L207-L212}, abstract = {We report on the detection with the MAGIC telescopes of very high energy (VHE) {$\gamma$}-rays from IC 310, a head-tail radio galaxy in the Perseus galaxy cluster, observed during the interval 2008 November to 2010 February. The Fermi satellite has also detected this galaxy. The source is detected by MAGIC at a high statistical significance of 7.6{$\sigma$} in 20.6 hr of stereo data. The observed spectral energy distribution is flat with a differential spectral index of -2.00 {\plusmn} 0.14. The mean flux above 300 GeV, between 2009 October and 2010 February, (3.1 {\plusmn} 0.5) {\times} 10$^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, corresponds to (2.5 {\plusmn} 0.4)\% of Crab Nebula units. Only an upper limit, of 1.9\% of Crab Nebula units above 300 GeV, was obtained with the 2008 data. This, together with strong hints ({\gt}3{$\sigma$}) of flares in the middle of 2009 October and November, implies that the emission is variable. The MAGIC results favor a scenario with the VHE emission originating from the inner jet close to the central engine. More complicated models than a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario, e.g., multi-zone SSC, external Compton, or hadronic, may be required to explain the very flat spectrum and its extension over more than three orders of magnitude in energy.}, keywords = {galaxies: active, galaxies: individual: IC 310, gamma rays: galaxies}, doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/723/2/L207}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJ...723L.207A}, author = {Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, P. and Borla Tridon, D. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bose, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Camara, M. and Ca{\~n}ellas, A. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Cossio, L. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and De Maria, M. and De Sabata, F. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Errando, M. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and Hadasch, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Kranich, D. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Majumdar, P. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and Pegna, R.~G. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Prada Moroni, P.~G. and Prandini, E. and Puchades, N. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Conde, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Struebig, J.~C. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Torres, D.~F. and Vankov, H. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and Neronov, A. and Pfrommer, C. and Pinzke, A. and Semikoz, D.~V. and MAGIC Collaboration} } @article {2010A\&A...524A..77A, title = {{Search for an extended VHE {$\gamma$}-ray emission from Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 with the MAGIC Telescope}}, journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, volume = {524}, year = {2010}, month = {dec}, pages = {A77}, abstract = {Context. Part of the very high energy {$\gamma$}-ray radiation coming from extragalactic sources is absorbed through the pair production process on the extragalactic background light photons. Extragalactic magnetic fields alter the trajectories of these cascade pairs and, in turn, convert cosmic background photons to {$\gamma$}-ray energies by inverse Compton scattering. These secondary photons can form an extended halo around bright VHE sources.
Aims: We searched for an extended emission around the bright blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 using the MAGIC telescope data.
Methods: If extended emission is present, the angular distribution of reconstructed {$\gamma$}-ray arrival directions around the source is broader than for a point-like source. In the analysis of a few tens of hours of observational data taken from Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 we used a newly developed method that provides better angular resolution. This method is based on the usage of multidimensional decision trees. Comparing the measured shapes of angular distributions with those expected from a point-like source one can detect or constrain possible extended emission around the source. We also studied the influence of different types of systematic errors on the shape of the distribution of reconstructed {$\gamma$}-ray arrival directions for a point source.
Results: We present upper limits for an extended emission calculated for both sources for various source extensions and emission profiles. We obtain upper limits on the extended emission around the Mrk 421 (Mrk 501) on the level of {\l}t}5\% ({\l}t}4\%) of the Crab Nebula flux above the energy threshold of 300 GeV. Using these results we discuss possible constraints on the extragalactic magnetic fields strength around a few times 10$^{-15}$ G.}, keywords = {galaxies: active, {$\gamma$}-rays: galaxies}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201014747}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010A\%26A...524A..77A}, author = {Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Baixeras, C. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch, O. and Bock, R.~K. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, P. and Borla Tridon, D. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bose, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Britzger, D. and Camara, M. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Commichau, S. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Costado, M.~T. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and de los Reyes, R. and De Lotto, B. and De Maria, M. and De Sabata, F. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Doert, M. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Errando, M. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Gaug, M. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and Hadasch, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Hsu, C.~C. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Kranich, D. and La Barbera, A. and Laille, A. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Majumdar, P. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moles, M. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Ninkovic, J. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paiano, S. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J.~M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pascoli, D. and Pauss, F. and Pegna, R.~G. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Prada, F. and Prandini, E. and Puchades, N. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and Rissi, M. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Conde, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Struebig, J.~C. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzi{\'c}, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Torres, D.~F. and Vankov, H. and Wagner, R.~M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and Neronov, A. and Semikoz, D.~V.} } @article {2010A\&A...515A..76A, title = {{Simultaneous multi-frequency observation of the unknown redshift blazar PG 1553+113 in March-April 2008}}, journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, volume = {515}, year = {2010}, month = {jun}, pages = {A76}, abstract = {The blazar PG 1553+113 is a well known TeV {$\gamma$}-ray emitter. In this paper we determine its spectral energy distribution through simultaneous multi-frequency data to study its emission processes. An extensive campaign was carried out between March and April 2008, where optical, X-ray, high-energy (HE) {$\gamma$}-ray, and very-high-energy (VHE) {$\gamma$}-ray data were obtained with the KVA, Abastumani, REM, RossiXTE/ASM, AGILE and MAGIC telescopes, respectively. We combine the data to derive the source{\textquoteright}s spectral energy distribution and interpret its double-peaked shape within the framework of a synchrotron self-Compton model.}, keywords = {BL Lacertae objects: individual: PG 1553+113, galaxies: active, gamma rays: galaxies, X-rays: galaxies}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/200913607}, url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010A\%26A...515A..76A}, author = {Aleksi{\'c}, J. and Anderhub, H. and Antonelli, L.~A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, M. and Baixeras, C. and Balestra, S. and Barrio, J.~A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez, J. and Becker, J.~K. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Bock, R.~K. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, P. and Borla Tridon, D. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bose, D. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Britzger, D. and Camara, M. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Commichau, S. and Contreras, J.~L. and Cortina, J. and Costado, M.~T. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and de los Reyes, R. and De Lotto, B. and De Maria, M. and De Sabata, F. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Dom{\'\i}nguez, A. and Dominis Prester, D. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Errando, M. and Ferenc, D. and Fern{\'a}ndez, E. and Firpo, R. and Fonseca, M.~V. and Font, L. and Galante, N. and Garc{\'\i}a L{\'o}pez, R.~J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Gaug, M. and Godinovi{\'c}, N. and G{\"o}ebel, F. and Hadasch, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Hsu, C.~C. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl, T. and Kranich, D. and La Barbera, A. and Laille, A. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Longo, F. and L{\'o}pez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Majumdar, P. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Mart{\'\i}nez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J.~M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Mold{\'o}n, J. and Moles, M. and Moralejo, A. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Ninkovic, J. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paoletti, R. and Paredes, J.~M. and Pasanen, M. and Pascoli, D. and Pauss, F. and Pegna, R.~G. and M. A. P{\'e}rez-Torres and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Prada, F. and Prandini, E. and Puchades, N. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Rhode, W. and Rib{\'o}, M. and Rico, J. and Rissi, M. and R{\"u}gamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, T.~Y. and Salvati, M. and S{\'a}nchez-Conde, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S.~N. and Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Strah, N. and Struebig, J.~C. and Suri{\'c}, T. and Takalo, L. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Torres, D.~F. and Turini, N. and Vankov, H. and Wagner, R.~M. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and Zapatero, J. and Pian, E. and Bianchin, V. and D{\textquoteright}Ammando, F. and Di Cocco, G. and Fugazza, D. and Ghisellini, G. and Kurtanidze, O.~M. and Raiteri, C.~M. and Tosti, G. and Treves, A. and Vercellone, S. and Villata, M. and MAGIC Collaboration} }